Scotland’s cool, damp climate makes it an ideal location for growing various hardy berries. Lingonberries, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, often associated with Scandinavian woodlands, are a perfect fit for the Scottish garden due to their resilience and suitability for acidic soil, even found growing at an elevation of over 1,000m (3281’) on Ben Lawers in Perthshire.
They are small, glossy, bright red berries, the fruit of a low-growing, evergreen shrub which is perfect to use as ground cover, or to pop in a hanging basket or window box. The plants reach a modest height of 20–40cm (8-16”), forming a dense ground cover with dark green, leathery leaves. You might be familiar with lingonberries being called cowberries in Scotland, whereas in North America they are referred to as mountain cranberries.
The berries themselves have a juicy, tart, tangy flavour, often likened to a more astringent cranberry. Rich in vitamin C, lingonberries are especially high in the antioxidant anthocyanins, which is known to prevent oxidation of blood cholesterol and aid in keeping blood vessels healthy.
Lingonberries thrive in our acidic soils and temperate climate. They are exceptionally hardy and can withstand the cooler conditions found in many parts of the country. The key requirements are:
Soil: a well-drained, acidic soil with a pH between 4.5 and 5.5.
Sunlight: these berries grow best in partial shade to full sun. In northern Scotland, where sunlight is less intense, full sun is ideal, whereas in the south, partial shade can help prevent the plants from drying out.
Moisture: lingonberries require consistent moisture, especially in the first year but avoid waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot.
Consider planting lingonberries with other acid-loving plants such as blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) or heathers (Calluna) to create a natural, woodland garden effect.
The best time to plant lingonberries is during autumn from September to November, ensuring the ground is not frozen or overly wet, or in spring from March to May.
Choose a site with well-draining soil and remove any weeds. If necessary, dig in organic matter to improve soil structure.
Space plants about 30–40 cm (12-16”) apart to allow room for spreading. Dig a hole deep enough to accommodate the root ball, backfill with a mixture of native soil and ericaceous compost, and firm gently.
Apply a 2–3cm (1”) layer of organic mulch, such as bark or pine needles, to help maintain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Lingonberries are pretty low-maintenance plants but benefit from keeping the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells. Water at the base of the plant to prevent fungal issues.
Fertilise lightly with a slow-release, ericaceous plant feed once a year in early spring.
Trim any dead or damaged stems in early spring to promote new growth and air circulation.
Lingonberries are relatively pest-free but watch for slugs and fungal issues during particularly wet periods.
Lingonberries are quite special as they can have two flowering periods in the year, from late April to June, and then from the end of July through to November which offers great value for a plant, although it may take a few years to produce its first crop.
The berries are ready to harvest when they have turned a deep red and are firm to the touch. Use a berry rake, kitchen fork, or carefully pick them by hand to avoid damaging the plants. One small plant can yield a substantial crop once mature, and the berries can be frozen or dried.
Lingonberries are renowned for their tangy, sharp taste with subtle sweetness, similar to cranberries but slightly less sweet and more aromatic. They are generally cooked before eating, and their robust flavour lends itself well to both sweet and savoury dishes like:
Different lingonberry varieties thrive across Scotland’s varied climates:
Lingonberries bring a touch of the Scandinavian wild to our Scottish gardens, rewarding us with both ornamental beauty and a deliciously unique crop. With proper care and the right conditions, these vibrant berries can be a valuable addition to your homegrown harvest.
