Javier Gozalvez–Editor-in-Chief
Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Spain
Automotive Electronics
João P. Trovão, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Mobile Radio
Claudio Casetti, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Bang Chul Jung, Chungnam National University,
South Korea
Standards
Edward Au, Huawei Technologies, Canada
Transportation Systems
Bih-Yuan Ku, National Taipei University
of Technology, Taiwan
Connected and Automated Vehicles
Elisabeth Uhleman, Mälardalen University, Sweden
Katrin Sjoberg, Volvo, Sweden
Mobile Radio
Octavia Dobre, Memorial University, Canada
Jordi Pérez-Romero, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Yan Zhang, Simula Research Laboratory, Norway
Mohammad Mozaffari, Ericsson Research, Silicon Valley, USA
Melike Erol-Kantarci, University of Ottawa, Canada
Yiqing Zhou, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, China
Vuk Marojevic, Mississippi State University, USA
Min Sheng, Xidian University, China
Vincenzo Sciancalepore, NEC Laboratories Europe, Germany
Ke Guan, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Connected and Automated Vehicles
Antonella Molinaro, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Miguel Sepulcre, Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Spain
Onur Altintas, Toyota Motor North America R&D, USA
Sandra Cespedes, Universidad of Chile, Chile
Yusheng Ji, National Institute of Informatics, Japan
Aravind Kailas, Volvo Group North America, USA
Automotive Electronics
Clément Mayet, CNAM, France
Keyu Chen, Valeo, France
Nguyen Binh-Minh, Toyota Technological Institute, Japan
Yafei Wang, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
Kanghyun Nam, Yeungnam University, South Korea
Shima Nazari, University of California, Davis, USA
Weihua Zhuang, President
Gerhard Bauch, Executive Vice President
Nicholas Kirsch, Vice President—Finance
J.R. Cruz, Vice President—Conferences
Neeli R. Prasad, Vice President—Membership
James Irvine, Vice President—Publications
Fabrice Labeau, Secretary
Abbas Jamalipour, Senior Past President
Jae Hong Lee, Junior Past President
Camille Ventura, Journals Production Manager
Patrick J. Kempf, Senior Manager, Journals Production
Gail A. Schnitzer, Associate Art Director
Theresa L. Smith, Production Coordinator
Felicia Spagnoli, Advertising Production Manager
Peter M. Tuohy, Production Director
Kevin Lisankie, Editorial Services Director
Dawn M. Melley, Senior Director, Publishing Operations
The IEEE Vehicular Technology Society is an organization of members with professional interests in connecting the mobile world. Its principle technical areas include mobile radio, motor vehicles, and land transportation. All members of the IEEE are eligible for membership in the Society. Information about joining the IEEE and the Society are available at www.ieee.org/membership.
IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine (ISSN 1556-6072) (IVTMCU) is published quarterly by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997, U.S.A. +1 212 419 7900. Responsibility for the contents rests upon the authors and not upon the IEEE, the Society, or its members. The magazine is a membership benefit of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, and subscriptions are included in Society fee. Replacement copies for members are available for US$20 (one copy only). Nonmembers can purchase individual copies for US$202. Nonmember subscription prices are available on request. Copyright and Reprint Permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the U.S. Copyright law for private use of patrons: 1) those post-1977 articles that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, pro-vided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01970, U.S.A.; and 2) pre-1978 articles without fee. For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, write to: Copyrights and Permissions Department, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 U.S.A. Copyright © 2022 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEE Vehicular Technology Maga-zine, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 U.S.A. Canadian GST#125634188. PRINTED IN U.S.A.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MVT.2023.3333470